ANNUAL
REPORT
OF THE
MEDICAL OFFICER OF HEALTH
FOR THE
YEAR ENDING 31st DECEMBER, 1951
Printed by Metcalfes & Harper, North Street, Ripon.
Digitized by the Internet Archive
in 2018 with funding from
Wellcome Library
https://archive.org/details/b30036252
CITY OF RIPON
ANNUAL
REPORT
OF THE
MEDICAL OFFICER OF HEALTH
FOR THE
YEAR ENDING 31st DECEMBER, 1951
2
CITY OF RIPON.
Mayor during the year 1951 :
Alderman F. C. Lowley, j.p.
HEALTH COMMITTEE :
Chairman :
Alderman Mrs. I. E. L. Oakley.
Deputy Chairman :
Councillor L. J. Spence.
Members :
The Mayor (Alderman F. C. Lowley, j.p.) (Ex-Officio).
Councillor W. R. Beaumont,
,, T. Constantine,
,, W. R. Dixon,
,, W. M. Eccles,
,, J. K. Walton.
PUBLIC HEALTH STAFF:
Medical Officer of Health :
N. V. Hepple, M.D., D.P.H.
(also W.R.C.C. Divisional Medical Officer and M.O.H. Ripon and Patelev
Bridge R.D.C.)
Sanitary Inspector, Inspector of Meat and other Foods. Housing Estates
Manager :
W. L. Ingham, M.R.san.i., m.s.i.a.
Clerical :
Miss G. King (Housing Department).
Miss J. Draper (Health Department), Resigned August, 1951.
Miss B, Clark (Health Department), Commenced Sept., 1951,
3
CITY OF RIPON
ANNUAL REPORT
of the
MEDICAL OFFICER OF HEALTH
For the year ended 31st December, 1951.
TO THE MAYOR, ALDERMEN AND COUNCILLORS OF THE CITY
OF RIPON.
Mr. Mayor and Gentlemen,
I have the honour to present to you my fifth Annual Report on the
social conditions and health of the City and on the work of your Public Health
Department during the year 1951.
It can, I think, be said that the year saw a steady consolidation and
an increased integration of the work of your Health Department with all
the other Public Health and social services in the area.
The vital statistics are generally satisfactory, and we can be properly
proud of the fact that there has been no maternal death in the City since 1947.
The Section of the Report dealing with the Divisional Services has been
considerably expanded this year. Delegations of health power by the
County Council is being mooted, and it is right that the Members of the
Council should have more information on these services.
Your Sanitary Inspector, to whom I am greatly indebted for continued
help and advice, has once more written the sections dealing with sanitation,
food supplies and housing. Attention is particularly drawn to his remarks
on the increasing problem of the old and worn out house, which is fit only
for demolition, but which cannot be dealt with until the unfortunate in¬
habitants are re-housed. Anything which can be done in this matter will
pay dividends in community health.
In conclusion, I should like to say how much I appreciate the great
kindness and help received from all the Members of the Council, from the
Clerk, and from my brother officers.
I am,
Mr. Mayor and Gentlemen,
Your obedient Servant,
N. V. HEPPLE,
Medical Officer of Health.
4
Registrar General’s estimate of population (mid 1951) . . 9,677
Area (in acres) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,812
Number of inhabited houses . . . . . . . . . . 2,922
Rateable value (1st April, 1951) . . . . . . . . ^65;606
Sum represented by a penny rate 1951-52 . . . . . . ^263/7/8
SOCIAL CONDITIONS OF THE AREA.
Ripon is the market town for a large agricultural area. The industries
carried on in the City include Paint and Varnish Manufacturing, Concrete
Products and Agriculture.
EXTRACTS FROM VITAL STATISTICS FOR THE YEAR
1951.
Live Births :
Total
Male.
Female
Legitimate
152
79
73
Illegitimate
13
6
7
Total
165
85
80
Crude birth rate per 1,000 population :
17.05. Adjusted birth rate 18.07.
Comparability Factor 1.06.
Still Births :
T otal
Male
Female
Legitimate
4
2
2
Illegitimate
-
.
Total
4
2
. ! 2
Still birth rate per 1,000 total (live and
still) births
: 23.66.
Total
Male
Female
Deaths .
139
78
61
Crude death rate per 1,000 population :
14.36. Adjusted death rate 12.64
Comparability Factor 0.88.
Maternal Mortality :
Puerperal Sepsis
Rate
Deaths
per 1,000
total births
Other Maternal Causes . .
-
.
infantile Mortality :
Total
Male
Female
Legitimate
5
4
1
Illegitimate
1
.
1
Total
6
4
9
Tm
Death rate of Infants under one year of
age :
All Infants per 1,000 live births
• • , ,
36.36
Legitimate Infants per 1,000 legitimate births
32.88
Illegitimate Infants per 1,000 illegitimate births
76.92
Deaths from Measles (all ages)
0
Deaths from Whooping Cough (all ages)
. .
0
Deaths from Cancer (all ages) . .
• t • •
♦ •
21
NOTES ON VITAL STATISTICS.
Births.
Ihe crude birth rate is made comparable with rates for other districts
by an adjustment which uses a factor calculated by the Registrar General.
Ihe adjusted rate of 18.07 per 1,000 population is slightly less than last
year, but compares very favourably with the rate of 15.5 for England and
Wales.
Deaths.
The death rate is also adjusted in a similar fashion. The rate of 12.64
is very slightly lower than in 1950 and compares with a rate of 12.5 for
England and Wales.
Heart disease (excluding coronary disease) was responsible for 26
deaths, cancer of all sites for 21, coronary disease for 18, and vascular lesions
of the central nervous system for 15 deaths.
These conditions, therefore, were together responsible for 80 out of a
total 139 deaths.
Natural Increase of Population.
The number of births exceeded the number of deaths by 26.
Infantile Mortality.
Six children under 1 year of age died during 1951.
This gives an infantile mortality rate of 36.36 per 1,000 live births,
which is much the same as last year. In complete contrast to 1950, however!
when all the deaths occurred in the first month of life, all these children
survived for six months or longer.
One death was due to prematurity, three to infection, one to congenital
abnormality, and one to a skin disease of which the cause is obscure. The
first four can probably be regarded as preventable.
TABLE I.
Days 0 — 1
— 7
—14
—31
Months — 6
—12
Total under 1 year
Male Female Total
Maternal Mortality.
1 he fact that no Ripon mother has died as a result of childbirth since
1947 seems to indicate that the results of our maternity services in the City
are very satisfactory.
0
CAUSES OF DEATH,
REGISTRAR-GENERAL’S RETURN.
TABLE II.
1951
Diseases Male Female Total
1. Tuberculosis, respiratory
2. Tuberculosis, other
3. Syphilitic disease . . •
4. Diphtheria
5. Whooping cough
6. Meningococcal infection
7. Acute poliomyelitis
8. Measles
9. Other infective and parasitic diseases
10. Malignant neoplasm, stomach
11. Malignant neoplasm, lung, bronchus
12. Malignant neoplasm, breast
13. Malignant neoplasm, uterus
14. Other malignant and lymphatic neoplasms
15. Leukaemia, aleukaemia
16. Diabetes
17. Vascular lesions of nervous system
18. Coronary disease, angina
19. Hypertension with heart disease
20. Other heart disease
21. Other circulatory disease
22. Influenza
23. Pneumonia
24. Bronchitis
25. Other diseases of respiratory system
26. Ulcer of stomach and duodenum . .
27. Gastritis, enteritis and diarrhoea
28. Nephritis and nephrosis
29. Hyperplasia of prostate
30. Pregnancy, childbirth, abortion
31. Congenital malformations
32. Other defined and ill-defined diseases
33. Motor vehicle accidents
34. All other accidents
35. Suicide
36. Homicide and operations of war
1
1
2
2
9
10
12
9
3
2
5
4
1
1
2
4
7
1
2
1
1
2 4
2 2
1 1
3 12
5
6
3
14
3
3
15
18
3
23
5
2
8
7
3
1
4
2
4
12 19
1
1 3
1 1
78 61 139
7
DEATH8 OCCURING IN VARIOUS AGE GROUPS.
(Compiled Locally).
TABLE III.
Ages.
Under 1 year
1 and under 3
3
it ft
5
5
: t t >
15
15
t » it
25
25
t t t t
35
35
it f>
45
45
if if
55
55
it if
65
65
if t>
75
75
if if
85
85
it ft
90
90
it it
95
95
and over
, ,
M
4
1
1
1
3
4
14
18
25
3
1
1
F
2
1
3
8
14
20
5
5
Total . . 76 58
Birth Rates, Death Rates, Analysis of Mortality, Maternal Mortality
and Case Rates for certain Infectious Diseases in the year 1951. Provisional
figures based on quarterly Returns.
TABLE IV.
England
and
Wales
126 C.B.s, and
great towns
(inc. London)
148
smaller towns
Resident Pop.
25,000 - 50,000
1931 Census
London
Adm.
County
Ripon
City
Rates per 1,
000 home pop
ulation
Births.
Live Births
15.5
17.3
16.7
17.8
18.07
Still Births
0.36
0.45
0.38
0.37
0.41
Deaths.
All causes
12.5
13.4
12.5
13.1
12.64
Typhoid and
Paratyphoid
0.00
0.00
0.00
_
0.00
Whooping
Cough
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
Diphtheria
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Tuberculosis
0.31
0.37
0.31
0.38
0.10
Influenza
0.38
0.36
0.38
0.23
0.21
Smallpox
0.00
0.00
0.00
—
0.00
Acute Polio¬
myelitis
(including
Polioenceph¬
alitis)
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
Pneumonia
V w ■ ; - - re ■
0.61
0.65
0.63
0.61
0.82
8
TABLE IV — continued.
Notifications
(Corrected)
Typhoid Fever
Paratyphoid
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
Fever
Meningococcal
0.02
0.03
0.02
0.01
0.00
Infection
0.03
0.04
0.03
0.03
0.00
Scarlet Fever
Whooping
1.11
1.20
1.20
1.10
0.51
Cough
3.87
3.62
4.00
3.11
1.75
Diphtheria
0.02
0.02
0.03
0.01
0.00
Erysipelas
0.14
0.15
0.12
0.15
0.10
Smallpox
0.00
0.00
0.00
—
0.00
Measles
14.07
13.93
14.82
14.64
4.65
Pneumonia
Acute
0.99
1.04
0.96
0.72
0.21
Poliomyelitis
(inc. polio¬
encephalitis)
Paralytic
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.02
0.00
Non-
Paralytic
0.02
0.02
0.03
0.02
0.00
Food Poisoning
0.13
0.15
0.08
0.23
0.00
Deaths.
Rates per 1,
000 live births
All causes under
1 year of age
Enteritis and
29.6(a)
33.9
27.6
26.4
36.36
Diarrhoea
under 2 years
of age
1.4
1.6
1.0
0.7
6.06
Notifications
(Corrected)
Puerperal Fever
Rates per 1,
000 Total (Live
& Still)
Births
and Pyrexia
10.66
13.77
8.08
14.90
5.91
Maternal TfiortaHty in England and Wales.
Intermediate List No. and cause
Rates per
1,000 total
(Live and
Still) Births
Rates per
million
women
aged 15-44
Ripon
City
A115 Sepsis of pregnancy, childbirth
and the puerperium
f Abortion with toxaemia . .
0.10
0.00
\
0
A116 Other toxaemias of pregnancy
(_and the puerperium
A IT 7 Haemorrhage of pregnancy and
0.24
0.00
and childbirth
0.13
A11S Abortion without mention of
sepsis or toxaemia. .
0.05
4
A1I9 Abortion with sepsis . .
0.09
7
A 120 Other complications of pregnancy
childbirth and the puerperium . .
0.18
(a) Per 1,000 related live births.
9
RECORD OF VITAL STATISTICS FOR PAST 20 YEARS.
TABLE V.
Year
Popu¬
lation
No. of
Births
Birth
Rate
*
Infant
Mort.
Rate
Mat’l
Mort.
Rate
Still¬
birth
Rate
No. of
Deaths
Death
Rate
*
1932
8418
143
15.60
20.90
6.05
38.22
128
15.20
1933
8453
119
14.07
75.63
7.30
58.40
134
15.85
1934
8138
130
15.40
23.07
0.00
51.09
144
11.38
1935
8452
137
16.10
43.79
6.85
61.64
102
10.13
1936
8433
124
14.70
56.45
7.75
18.76
131
13.04
1937
8542
136
15.90
58.80
0.00
55.50
137
13.47
1938
8474
140
16.52
57.14
6.99
20.98
123
12.18
1939
9094
136
16.11
36.76
0.00
48.95
135
12.46
1940
9914
161
16.24
54.54
0.00
48.48
141
13.79
1941
9877
186
18.23
66.66
5.23
26.17
123
12.06
1942
9662
176
18.21
28.40
5.46
38.25
113
11.69
1943
9368
174
18.57
40.23
0.00
43.95
129
13.77
1944
8994
206
22.90
29.12
0.00
32.86
122
13.56
1945
8879
172
19.37
58.14
0.00
22.71
123
13.85
1946
9177
193
21.00
36.00
10.05
31.08
112
12.20
1947
9228
184
19.94
38.04
5.43
27.17
130
14.09
1948
9669
168
17.40
17.6
0.00
11.76
113
11.70
1949
9652
145
15.12
41.31
0.00
33.33
129
11.89
1950
9586
164
18.32
36.58
0.00
29.58
137
12.68
1951
9677
165
18.07
36.36
0.00
23.66
139
12.64
*Crude Birth and Death Rates 1932-33 inclusive and from 1940-48
inclusive.
Adjusted Birth and Death Rates 1934-39 inclusive, and 1949-51.
SECTION B,
GENERAL PROVISION OF HEALTH SERVICES FOR THE AREA.
Public Health Officers of the Authority.
The Medical Officer of Health serves the Ripon and Pateley Bridge
Rural District Council in a similar capacity, and as Divisional Medical Officer
for the West Riding County Council, is responsible for the day to day
administration of the County Health Service. The Sanitary Inspector
acted as Cleansing Superintendent and Housing Estates Manager for the
Corporation. He also does the meat inspection at the central slaughtering
depot in Ripon.
HEALTH SERVICES PROVIDED BY THE CORPORATION.
Mortuary.
The Corporation Mortuary at Skellbank is also used as a post mortem
room and has accommodation for two bodies. The arrangements for viewing
by relatives are unsatisfactory, and it would be an advantage to extend the
premises by the provision of a separate viewing room, toilet arrangements,
etc.
10 bodies were admitted from the City and 7 from the Rural District
during the year.
The causes of death were as follows : —
Heart and circulatory disease . . 10
Accidents . . . . . . . . 2
Suicide . . . . . . . . 1
Other conditions . . . . 4
The average length of stay was 2 days.
National Assistance Act, 1948. Section 47.
No action was taken under this legislation during the year.
10
HEALTH SERVICES PROVIDED BY THE COUNTY COUNCIL.
A.
REPORT OF DIVISIONAL IVSEDICAL OFFICER FOR 1951.
DIVISION NO. 7.
Contents.
1. General.
2. Divisional Staff.
3. School Medical Service.
4. Care of Mothers and Young Children.
5. Midwifery.
6. Health Visiting.
7. Home Nursing.
8. Vaccination and Immunisation.
9. Mental Health.
10. Home Helps.
11. Prevention of Illness, Care and After-Care.
11
1. GENERAL.
The Divisional area consists of the City of Ripon, and urban area with
a population of 9677, and the Ripon and Pateley Bridge Rural District, a
large rural area with a population of 14,070, containing the town of Pateley
Bridge. There has been very little unemployment in the Division during
the vear.
2. DIVISIONAL STAFF.
Medical Officers : —
N. V. Hepple, M.D., B. Hy., D.P.H., Divisional Medical Officer.
P. A. G. M. Ashmore, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., Assistant County Medical
Officer.
D. G. E. Potter, M.B., Ch.B., D.P.H. 1 Clinic doctors working on a
S. Burton, M.B., Ch.B. J sessional basis.
L. J. Prosser, M.B., Ch.B., D.C.H. Paediatrician (Part-time from
Regional Hospital Board).
J. E. Rees, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., D.L.O. Ear, Nose and
Throat Specialist.
H. Petty, F.R.C.S. Orthopaedic
Surgeon
R. Burns, M.B., Ch.B., B.A.O. Oculist.
Dental Officer
M. Hattan, L.D.S., (95% School Health).
Other Officers : —
Health Visitors/School Nurses
Home Nurses
Home Nurse/Midwives
’’'Tuberculosis Health Visitor
*Mental Health Social Worker
♦Mental Deficiency Home Teacher
* Venereal Diseases Health Visitor
♦Speech Therapist
♦Duly Authorised Officer
♦Orthopaedic Nurse
Adminstrative : —
Chief Clerk
Clerical
4
L
8
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
4
Other : —
Home Helps (part-time) . . . . • • • • 21
Domestic staff (part-time) . . . . . • 1
Total Divisional Staff . . 56
* Services shared with other divisions,
12
3. SCHOOL MEDICAL SERVICE.
We have been fortunate in having a full staff throughout the year. As
a result of this the arrangements for the routine medical inspection of each
child three times during school life have worked smoothly.
Special examinations and re-examinations have been carried out as
they became necessary.
Details of the work follow : —
(a) Periodic Medical Inspections.
Number of Inspections in the prescribed Groups —
Entrants . . . . . . . . 408
Second age group . . . . . . 401
Third age group . . . . . . 234
Total . . 1,043
Number of other Periodic Inspections
Grand Total . . 1,043
(b) Other Inspections.
Number of Special Inspections . . . . . . 22
Number of Re-Inspections . . . . . . 594
Total . . 616
(c) Pupils found to require treatment.
Group
(1)
For Defective
vision (exclud¬
ing squint).
(2)
For any
other
conditions.
(3)
Total
individual
Pupils.
(4)
Entrants
12
208
220
Second Age Group
76
139
215
Third Age Group
35
47
82
Total (prescribed groups)
123
394
517
Other Periodic Inspections
—
_
_
—
Grand total
123
394
517
13
(d) Return of defects found by Medical Inspection.
Periodic Inspections
Special Inspections
No. of Defects
No. of Defects
1
Defect
Code Defect or Disease
No.
(1)
Requiring
treatment
(2)
Requiring
to be kept
under ob¬
servation
but not
treatment
(3)
Requiring
treatment
(4)
Requiring
to be kept
under ob¬
servation,
but not
treatment
(5)
4.
Skin
44
2
1
-
5.
Eyes a. Vision
123
60
1
b. Squint
30
-
-
_
c. Other
9
-
-
-
6.
Ears a. Hearing
1
2
b. Otitis Media
5
2
1
c. Other
1
-
-
7.
Nose or Throat
25
15
2
-
8.
Speech
8
1
-
-
9.
Cervical Glands
3
4
-
-
10.
Heart and Circulation . .
16
6
-
-
11.
Lungs
15
6
-
-
12.
Developmental —
a. Hernia
1
b. Other
3
6
-
-
13.
Orthopaedic —
a. Posture
10
b. Flat feet
16
1
c. Other
10
6
1
-
14.
Nervous system —
a. Epilepsy
2
1
b. Other
17
1
-
-
16.
Psychological —
a. Development
2
b Stability
1
-
-
-
16.
Other
350
4
1
.
14
(e) Classification of the General Condition of Pupils inspected in age groups.
1
Age Groups
Number
Pupils
inspected
A. (C
5ood)
B
(Fair)
C. (1
r*oor)
No.
% of
col. 2
No.
% of
col. 2
No.
% of
col. 2
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
Entrants
408
366
89.71%
40
9.80%
2
.49%
Second Age Group
401
354
88.28%
44
10.97%
3
.75%
Third Age Group
Other Periodic
234
220
94.20%
12
5.13%
2
.67%
Inspections
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Total
1,043
940
90.12%
96
9.30%
7
! ^
00
lO
(f) Infestation with Vermin.
(i) Total number of examinations in the schools by
the school nurses or other authorized persons . . 8,635
(ii) Total number of individual pupils found to be
infested . . . . . . . , . . 195
(iii) Number of individual pupils in respect of whom
cleansing notices were issued (Section 54 (2),
Education Act, 1944) . . . . . . 3
(iv) Number of individual pupils in respect of whom
cleansing orders were issued (Section 54 (3),
Education Act, 1944) . . . . . . Nil
(g) Treatment of Pupils attending maintained Primary and Secondary Schools.
A daily minor ailment clinic is held at Ripon, and the Assistant School
Medical Officer attends weekly clinics at Ripon, and at Pateley Bridge. Spec¬
ial Clinics are held periodically for Eye Ear, Nose and Throat, Orthopaedic
and Speech Defects. Ultra violet light treatment is available at Ripon.
Child guidance cases are referred to the County Psychologist at Shipley.
Advice on the management of children with abnormal heart conditions is
obtained from a special cardiac clinic held in Harrogate. Close co-operation
js maintained with general practitioners.
TABLE OF TREATMENT GIVEN.
Group 1. — Diseases Of the Skin (excluding uncleanliness, for which see (f) ).
Number of cases treated or
under treatment during the year
by the Authority
Otherwise
Ringworm — (i) Scalp
Nil
Nil
(ii) Body
Nil
Nil
Scabies
Nil
Nil
Impetigo
7
Nil
Other skin diseases
25
Nil
Total
32
Nil
15
Group 2, — Eye Diseases, Defective Vision and Squint.
Number of cases dealt with
by the Authority
Otherwise
External and other, excluding errors
of refraction and squint . .
78
5
Errors of Refraction
(including squint )
Nil*
184
Total
78
189
Number of pupils for whom
spectacles were —
Nil*
98
(a) prescribed
(b) obtained
Nil*
96
♦Including cases dealt with under arrangements with the Supplementary
Ophthalmic Services.
Group 3. — Diseases and Defects of Ear, Nose and Throat.
Number of cases treated
by the Authority
Otherwise
Received operative treatment
Nil
Nil
(a) for diseases of the ear
(b) for adenoids and chronic
tonsilitis
Nil
21
(c) for other nose and throat
conditions
Nil
Nil
Received other forms of treatment . .
36
3
Total
36
24
Group 4.— Orthopaedic and Postural Defects.
(a) Number treated as in-patients
in hospitals . .
Nil
1
by the Authority
Otherwise
(b) Number treated otherwise,
e.g., in clinics or out-patient
departments
52
27
16
Group 5. — Child Guidance Treatment.
Number of cases treated
In the Authority’s
Child Guidance
Clinics
Elsewhere
Number of pupils treated at
Child Guidance Clinics
3
2
Group 6, — Speech Therapy.
Number of cases treated
by the Authority
Otherwise
Number of pupils treated by
Speech Therapists
30
Group 7. — Other Treatment given.
Number of cas
ses treated
by the Authority
Otherwise
(a) Miscellaneous minor ailments . .
2949
Nil
(b) Other (Specify)
Nil
Nil
Total
2949
Nil
(h) Handicapped Pupils.
A register is maintained of all pupils who are found to require special
educational treatment by reason of mental or physical disability.
At the end of 1951 there were 37 pupils registered, the types of defect
being as foliows : —
Blind
Partially sighted
Deaf
Partially deaf
Maladjusted . .
No. No.
1 Delicate . . . . 1
3 Physically handicapped 6
3 Educationally Sub-normal 17
1 More than one defect 1
4
• *
17
The number of pupils attending special schools at the end of 1051 was 9.
They were accommodated as follows : —
Schools for deaf children . . . . . . 2
, , , , blind children . . . . . . 1
,, ,, partially sighted children . . 2
,, ,, delicate children
,, ,, crippled children .. .. 1
,, ,, maladjusted children
ki ,, educationally subnormal children 3
4. CARE OF MOTHERS AND YOUNG CHILDREN,
(a) Births.
Return of Births notified in the Divisional Area during
the Year 1951.
I
j
BIRTHS
Details
Domic
diary
Institutional
Total
Live
Still
Live
Still
(a) Primary Notifications . .
97
2
285
5
389
(b) Add Inward Transfers . .
1
—
80
1
82
(c) Total Notifications received
98
2
365
6
471
(d) Deduct Outward Transfers
1
—
115
1
117
(e) Total adjusted Births
97
2
250
5
354
Analysis of Institutional Births.
Born in (a) Hospitals
243
5
(b) Maternity Homes
3
—
(c) Nursing Homes
4
—
250
5
18
to
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Methodist Buildings,
PATELEY BRIDGI
d Infant Welfare Centres.
19
>■>«
^ a
hh ® S .
° G £ rt
h G o o
o ^ o >-*
over 1 yr.
of age
Ol
734
256
205
1,195
rQ C/3
G o G CD
S O’H^H
3 G ^ £
d cd ri
xs £ -o
3 a2r
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H G o X
under 1 yr.
of age
co |
1,531
191
137
Cl
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CO
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G X
"-1 G p
G ^ %
O « >
ip >
A +-> o
x A ^
over 1 yr.
of age
•>
88
32
25
145
Number of c
attendance a
of the year v
then : —
i
under 1
yr. of age
.. _ i
o
84
28
30
142
hildren who
d during the
o on the date
attendance
over 1
yr. of age
lO
i-H rfi rH
<N
26
Number of c
first attende
year and wh
of their first
were : —
i
' ' 1
under 1
yr. of age |
i
XO tJH »0
© <N <M
rH
154
3
Number of
children
who
attended
during
the year.
193
60
55
308
2
Number of
Infant
Welfare
Sessions
now held
per month.
t
X rH
t"
1.
Name and address
of Centre.
1
Alma House,
Low St.
Agnesgate,
RIPON
Methodist
Buildings,
PATELEY
BRIDGE
Methodist
Buildings,
SUMMERBRIDGE
Totals
20
(e) Dental Care is available for expectant and nursing mothers. This is
provided in Ripon by the Dental Clinic.
(f) Care of Unmarried SVloihers and their Children.
Help is given in arrangements for ante-natal care, delivery, and
after care. Health visitors and midwives give advice and the work is
done in co-operation with Moral Welfare agencies.
(g) Care of Premature infants.
Infants weighing 5| lbs. or under at birth need special care. This
is provided either in hospital or maternity home, or by specially trained
nurses in the home. Special equipment is available for loan on request
by a doctor or midwife.
5. FfllDWSFgSSY.
The present fashion for institutional confinement has meant that the
amount of midwifery carried out by the district nurse-midwives in the home
is reduced considerably. It generally costs a woman less to go into hospital
for her confinement than to have it at home, but of course it is much more
costly to the community.
The Department therefore scrutinises applications for admission to
maternity beds on behalf of the Hospital Board in order to ensure that there
are sound reasons for admission.
Number of Maternity Cases in the Division Attended by
Midwives during 1951,
Domiciliary
No. of Cases
Institutional
T<
Mai
(1) Midwives employed by the
Authority
Whole time
As
Mid¬
wives
As
Mat¬
ernity
Nurses
As
Mid¬
wives
As
Mat¬
ernity
Nurses
As
Mid¬
wives
As
Mat¬
ernity
Nurses
—
—
—
—
- —
D.N. Mid wives
55
40
—
—
55
40
(2) Midwives employed by Vol.
Organisations—
(a) under arrangements with
the local Health Author¬
ity in pursuance of the
National Health Service
Act . .
.....
(b) Otherwise (including Hos¬
pitals not transferred to
the Minister under the
National Health Service
Act, 1946)
(3) Midwives employed by Hos¬
pital Management Commit¬
tees or Boards of Governors
under the National Health
Service Act
249
289
249
289
(4) Midwives in Private
Practice :
(a) Nursing Homes . .
(b) Others . .
—
—
—
—
—
Totals. .
55
40
249
289
304
329
21
The following statutory notices under the. Midwives Act, 1951, were
received from midwives during the year
Death of child . . . . 1
Stillbirths . . . . . . 7
Substitution of artificial feeding 39
Ten medical aid notices were received.
6. HEALTH VISITING.
Four health visitors work in the Division. They give advice on the care
of children, and guidance to expectant and nursing mothers, to people who
are ill, and to the aged.
They advise also on measures to prevent the spread of infection, and
attend ante-natal clinics and infant welfare centres. They also act as school
nurses, and are thus able to interest themselves in a child from babyhood
until school leaving age. They provide reports on home conditions to hospit¬
als and clinics on request and are available to help practitioners in many
ways. Health visitors have truly been called the general practitioners of
the public health service. _ . . .
The following figures give some indication of the work done in 1951.
- " " . . .
First Visits.
Total Visits
(i)
Expectant Mothers
228
314
(ii)
Children under 1 year
435
2,368
(hi)
Children between 1 and
5 30
3,375
(iv)
Other cases
21
2,317
Totals
714
8,374
7. NURSING IN THE HOME.
The County Council provide eight district nurses in this Division. Seven
of these also do midwifery. A relief nurse is also provided. Certain
nursing equipment for use in the home is available on loan.
During the year the nurses paid 9,753 visits to 502 patients.
8. VACCINATION AND IMMUNISATION.
(a) Vaccination. Since the repeal of the Vaccination Acts, protection
against smallpox has been on a voluntary basis in the same way as
diphtheria immunisation.
A leaflet giving facts about vaccination and details of how to get it
done is sent to the parents of each child born in the Division.
The following table gives the number vaccinated during 1951.
Age at date of vaccination
Under
1
1
2 to 4
5 to 14
15 or
over
Number vaccinated
101
29
8 .
29
16
Number re-vacc.inated
—
—
4
3
59
u*. ^aegv tc roa*
No complications were reported.
22
Estimated live births in division during 12 months ended 31st Dec., 1951 . . 347
Vaccination rate for infants ,, ,, ,, ». >,49.1 /0
(27.4% in 1950)
(b) Smrnunissiion. The arrangements for immunisation against diphtheiia
have continued unchanged.
The following table shows the results at 31st Dec., 1951.
Year of Birth
1951
1950
1949
1948
1947 jjl942-46
1937-41
Total
No. immunised
13
168
171
220
236 j 957
988
2753
Estimated mid-year
population, 1951 . .
339
336
312
367
352
1674
1442
4822
Percentage immunise
V
_ >
__ - '
1706
3116
i 47.36 (46,08)
62.42 (61.96)
57.09
(55.99)
(Figures for 1950 in brackets).
These figures show a slight increase in both groups compared with the
previous year. We are therefore, not only holding the ground we have won,
but are advancing slowly towards our goal of having at least 75% of all
children immunised.
Much of the credit must go to the nursing and clerical staff of the Div¬
ision, and to the teachers, who go to endless trouble to help us.
No. of children im¬
munised during 1951
Age ai
t immunisation
under 5
5—14
Total
282
1
53
335
—
No. of children receiv¬
ing reinforcing dose
during 1951
156
9. MENTAL HEALTH.
The functions of the local Health Authority in this field can be classified
as : —
(a) The provision of a duly Authorised Officer for the purpose of taking
initial proceedings in the admission to hospital of persons in need of
mental treatment.
(b) the ascertainment of mental defectives in the area ; arranging super¬
vision, guardianship, or other care ; provision of home training, etc.,
for defectives not in institutions.
(c) the provision of care and after-care for persons who are mentally ill or
mentally defective.
During 1951 the Duly Authorised Officer has dealt with the foil r.vlng : —
(1) Lunacy Act, 1890, Sect. 16.
9 persons (3 male and 6 female) were certified as being of unsound mind
and removed to mental hospitals.
(2) Lunacy Act 1890, Sect. 20.
1 person (female) was removed to a general hospital under this section.
She had been under statutory supervision as a mental defective, aird
after a further period of detention under Section 21 A she was certified
and removed to a mental hospital.
(3) Lunacy Act 1890, Sect. 21.
No cases were dealt with under this Section.
(4) Mental Treatment Act 1930, Section 1.
Arrangements were made for the admission to mental hospitals of 4
Voluntary Patients (3 male, 1 female).
(5) Mental Treatment Act 1930, Sect. 5.
The admission of 1 Temporary Patient (male) was arranged.
Other.
In six other cases referred it was not found necessary to proceed under
the Lunacy or Mental Treatment Acts. Guidance and assistance has
been provided for the patients and their relatives.
A Mental Health Social Worker is shared with Division 8 for the purpose
of work under the Mental Deficiency Acts.
She is responsible for the general supervision of defectives ; for sub¬
mitting reports to hospitals and mental deficiency institutions on patients
admitted, discharged, or on licence.
A Home Teacher deals with a few of our cases ; the Social Worker gives
considerable help in advising defectives on hand work, etc.
There has been difficulty in securing the admission of defectives in need
of institutional care,
24
Particulars of mental defectives as at 1st January, 1052.
1. Number of ascertained mental defectives found to be ‘ subject to be dealt
with ’ : —
(a) On Licence from Institutions
(Under 16 years of age)
(Over 16 years of age)
(b) Under Guardianship
(Under 16 years of age)
(Over 16 years of age)
( c ) Under Statutory Supervision
(Under 16 years of age)
(Over 16 years of age)
Number of cases included in (b) and
(c) above awaiting removal to an
institution
2. Number of mental defectives not at present
‘ subject to be dealt with ' but over whom
some voluntary supervision is maintained :
(Under 16 years of age)
(Over 16 years of age)
3. Number of mental defectives receiving
training :
(a) In Occupation Centres
(b) At home
4. Of the total number of mental defectives
known to the Local Health Authority :
(a) Number who have given birth to
children during 1951 : — -
1. After marriage
2. While unmarried
{b) Number who have married during
1951 : . .
Male Female Total
—
1
_
1
■ -
1
1
1
4
5
8
9
17
1
1
2
O
d
2
5
1
3
4
—
—
10. HOME HELP SERVICE.
This is a social service of great importance and wide possibilities which
is still in the initial stages of its growth and therefore offers considerable scope
for experiment.
Under the scheme as it exists at present domestic help can be provided
for the following reasons : —
1 llness
Lying in.
Expectant mothers.
Mental Defectives.
Aged persons who are ill or infirm.
Children of school age.
25
It will be seen from the figures which follow that the aged received during
1951 considerably more than half of the service available in the Division.
The problem is likely to increase in extent with the increase in the pro¬
portion of old people that is occurring.
However excellent the institutional accommodation provided for old
persons may be, it will always be preferable to keep old people at home in
surroundings which are mellowed by familiarity and sentiment if this is at all
possible.
Provision of a home help often facilitates this, and also is less costly to
the community than maintenance in an institution. This is truly preventive
and social medicine.
Number of home helps employed at 31st December, 1951 : —
Whole time . . 1
Part time . . 20
Cases provided with domestic helps during the year : —
(i)
Category .
Illness (excluding aged) :
No. of cases.
No of hours.
(a) Tuberculosis
2
115*
(i b ) Other
22
4,428|
(ii)
Lying-in
22
2,053 J
(iii)
Expectant mothers
1
32
(iv)
Mentally defective
. . —
—
(v)
Aged — (a) Illness . .
28
6,520
(b) Infirmity
19
4,908f
(vi)
Children of school age
—
—
Total
94
18,058£
Equivalent in full time home helps — 8.
11. PREVENTION OF ILLNESS, CARE AND AFTER-CARE.
Health Departments have for a long time been doing some of this work
which was made a statutory function of local health authorities by the National
Health Service Act, 1948~ The scope of the work is potentially enormous
xt». but it is at present limited by availability of staff and money.
Much is done in co-operation with the Chest Physician, the National
Assistance Board, the N.S.P.C.C. Inspector, the Probation Officer, and others.
The staff regard the prevention of disease as their main responsibility and
are constantly spreading information through their contacts with the public.
They are assisted by the excellent leaflets and posters produced by the Central
Council for Health Education and other bodies.
Sick room equipment is available on loan from the Home Nursing staff,
and special equipment such as crutches, wheel chairs, special mattresses, etc.,
can be borrowed.
Additional milk is supplied to tuberculous persons on the request of the
Chest Physician.
The care of the aged is an ever increasing responsibility in which there is
a vast field open to voluntary effort.
26
In this connection I should like to draw attention to a conspicuously
successful experiment at Ripon in the care of the aged who have private
means. The Skelldale Housing Trust Ltd., adapted a large house in the City
to provide ten bed-sitting rooms equipped with cooking appliances and a
communal lounge and dining room.
The rooms are let to elderly people, and a mid-day meal is provided. Some
help is also given with breakfast and supper. There is a resident warden and
an almost entire absence of regulations. The whole scheme seems to me to be
ideal for its purpose.
VENEREAL DISEASES.
A Social Worker is employed who works in close co-operation with the
Special Treatment Clinics serving the area, undertaking contact tracing and
preventive work.
B.
AMBULANCE SERVICE.
The County Ambulance Depot is at Harrogate. In both Ripon and
Pateley Bridge, however, the local Divisions of the St. John Ambulance
Brigade continue to operate an efficient service on behalf of the County
Council. The Ambulance Officer at Ripon has kindly supplied the following
details of the work done during the year : —
Mileage . . . . . . • • • • 67;456
No. of cases conveyed . . . . • • 4,776
Drivers’ time (in hours) .. .. .. 5 146
Attendants’ time (in hours) . . . . 4,872
HEALTH SERVICES PROVIDED BY THE REGIONAL HOSPITAL
BOARD.
Infectious Diseases.
The District is served by the Thistle Hill Hospital, Knaresborough.
Smallpox.
Accommodation is provided by the Board as required.
General Hospitals.
The City is served by the Hospitals at Ripon and Harrogate. The Leeds
Hospitals are also within reach.
Sanatoria.
The Board provides Sanatoria at Scotton Banks, Middleton-in-
Wharfedale, and Aysgarth.
Maternity Hospitals.
The City is served by the Maternity Hospitals at Ripon and Harrogate.
27
SECTION 0.
SANITARY CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE AREA.
WATER.
The public supply of water has been satisfactory both in quantity and
quality throughout the year.
Samples of water have given results as follows
Bacteriological Water Samples.
6 samples from City, Service reservoirs and waterworks.
All satisfactory.
Plumbo-Soivency.
4 samples. No lead-solvent action.
Chemical Analysis of Water.
G samples. All satisfactory. Details of a typical sample as follows : —
Parts per 1,000,000
Total solids . . . . . . . . 60
Chloride . . . . . . . • 13.0
Nitrite . . . . . . • • Nil
Nitrate . 0.10
Free Ammonia . . . . . . . . 0.02
Albuminoid Ammonia . . . . . . 0.01
Poisonous Metals . . . . . • Nil
Total hardness . . . . . . . . 32
pH value . . . . . . • • 6.4
This water is of satisfactory organic quality.
Richardson & Jaffe,
Public Ana ,
Consumption of Wafer.
Water passed through sand filters
, , , , mechanical filters
,, „ ,, (unmetered)
Total consumption of water
Average daily consumption
RAINFALL, 1951.
M onth
Lumley Moor
Ripon Grammar School
January
3.11
2.02
Februarv
2.72
2.25
March
3.74
3.03
April
1.82
1.02
May
7.15
5.24
lune
1.10
1.11
July
1.18
1.70
August
5.22
5.79
September
2.15
1.53
October
0.82
0.80
November
6.93
6.05
December
2.61
2.41
Totals
38.55
32.95
Gallons
62,514,000
151,803,000
Nil
214,317,000
588,198
The respective ordnance datum levels of the above rainfall recording
gauges are as follows .
Lurnley Moor . . 600 ft. above sea level.
Ripon Grammar School . . 150 ft. , ,
We are indebted to Mr. W. J. Strachan, Head Master, for the rainfall
figures recorded at the Grammar School.
Comparative figures for the past 10 years are as follows :
Year
Lumley Moor
Ripon Grammar ,
1942
29.57
22.55
1943
28.94
23.14
1944
33.44
30.16
1945
30.25
24.57
1946
42.02
33.40
1947
30.67
28.68
1948
30.37
26.06
1949
31.09
23.11
1950
33.99
24.72
1951
38.55
32.95
DRAINAGE AND
SEWERAGE.
sewer
has been further
extended within the
on which Corporation houses
are being erected.
RIVERS AND STREAMS
The control of pollution is normally carried out by the Rivers Board
No action on the part of the local authority was necessary during the year.
SANITARY CONVENIENCES.
The approximate numbers of conveniences in use at the end of 1951
were as follows : —
No. of pail closets . . . . 2
No. of water closets . . 3,726
No. of waste water closets . . 20
Total . . . . 3,748
23 additional water closets were provided for old property during the
year.
REFUSE REMOVAL.
Amount of f 1144 loads Dennis Vehicle 1,865 tons
refuse collected £ 1 144 loads Scammell ,, 2,627 tons J 3,492 tons
Amount per 1,000 population . .
. . 363.8 „
Average weight per
day per 1,000 population
1.0 ,,
Average weight per
house per annum
.
1.19 ,,
Expendiiure.
Cost of collection
Gross . .
£2894
,, disposal
• • * • • * > >
£912
, , salvage
• • * • • • > ) • *
£631
Income.
Trades refuse
Total . .
£4,437
Salvage
. .
£2,408
Total . .
• •
£2,483
Total net expenditure
• •
£1/954
29
Allocation in proportion of expenditure (£912 to £2,894)
therefore — refuse collection net cost
— refuse disposal net cost
Net cost of collection per ton
,, disposal per ton
,, collection and disposal per ton
Net cost per 1,000 population (collection and disposal)
Net cost per house per annum ,,
Mileage recorded by Dennis vehicle
Scammell
£1,486
'£468
8/-
2/8
10/8
£203/10s.
13/4
4257
4066
Comparative costs since 1942 : —
1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
Total net cost of collection and disposal : —
£1748 £1778 £1890 £1928 £1935 £2365
/2888
£2838
£2610
£1954
Cost per ton, collection and disposal : —
11/2 11/10 13/- 13/- 13/1 15/9
19/4
19/2
14/2
10/8
Cost per house per week : —
3d. 3d. 3£d. 3*d. 3£d. 4*d.
4*d.
5d.
4d.
3d.
The quantity of refuse collected from households and business premises
is estimated from average weights of typical loads, several being weighed
each week by each of the two motor vehicles.
The amount of refuse collected during 1951 was 190 tons less than the
previous year. This is difficult to account for but it may be assumed that
the cost of solid fuel and a mild winter have combined to reduce the quantity.
Owing to the integration of refuse collection and salvage work the in¬
come from salvage has again been credited to refuse collection work. This
has resulted in the reduced costings as shown in the foregoing table.
A regular weekly collection of refuse from households has been main¬
tained throught the year. Two and three collections per week are made
from cafes and food shops.
Sec. 73 (2) of the Public Health Act 1936 makes it obligatory on the
local authority to make a charge for the collection of trades lefuse. To
comply with this a charge of 10/- is made for each bin collected weekly. The
income amounted to £75. This proves the charge to be very reasonable
as it obviously costs far more than £75 per year to make a weekly collection
of refuse from the trades premises of the City.
SALVAGE OF IV1 ATE RIALS.
During the year ending March 31st, 1952, the following materials were
aivaged and returned to industry for re-use : —
Item Weight. Value.
T.
c.
Q-
L.
£
s.
d.
Paper
131
18
2
0
2310
9
0
Textiles
3
5
1
4
95
1
4
Non-Ferrous metal . .
•
l
14
2
12
4
Totals
135
4
0
18
2408
2
8
Expenditure
# .
, ,
. •
.. £630
7
0
Profit (for relief
of rates)
• T
• •
•• £1777
15
8
30
Comparative figures for previous years and total weights and values.,
are as follows
All materials
1946/7
1947/8
1948/9
1949/50
1950/51
1951/2
Annual weight (tons)
68
65
104
109
126
135
,, value
£505
£510
£836
/767
AO
£1108
£2408
, , profit
£225
£245
£384
£308
£611
£1778
Proportion of profit
per £1 income
8/9
9/7
9/2
8/-
11/-
14/-9
Cumulative weight (since
1940) (tons)
976
1041
1145
1254
1380
1515
Cumulative income (since
1940)
£4861
£5372
£6208
£6975
/8083
AJ
£10491
Cumulative profit (since
1940)
£1998
£2243
£2627
£2935
£3546
£5324
It is again pleasing to report that the quantity of waste paper collected
(132 tons) and the income (£2,310) broke all previous records.
A special effort was made in connection with the National Waste Paper
Contest which extended throughout the year. The City qualified for a
prize of £50 and this, at the discretion of the Mayor (Aid. F. C. Lowley,
J.P.), was divided between the salvage collectors (£25), bulbs to adorn the
main road verges (£15) and the Public Hall bund (£10).
It will be noted that since 1940,
(a) Over 1,515 tons of materials have been salvaged and returned to
industry for re-use.
(b) The income received was £10,491.
(c) The profit has amounted to £5,324.
The workmen continued to receive a bonus of £2 per ton on quantities
in excess of 20 tons per quarter. The amount of cash distributed during
1951 was £173/8/- divided amongst nine men.
SANITARY INSPECTIONS.
The summary of inspections, etc., during the year is as follows : —
Houses (including re-inspections) :
Inspections for repairs, etc. (private houses)
,, (Corporation houses)
Infectious diseases
Verminous and or dirty houses
Requisitioned properties
Keeping of animals
Miscellaneous
219
10
9
31
4
General :
Common Lodging House
Slaughterhouse (including meat inspections)
Moveable (temporary) dwellings
Petroleum storage
Factories
Shops
Schools
City Mortuary
Drainage
Smoke observations . . . . . ,
22
296
58
33
49
35
4
6
54
U
31
Foodstuffs :
Dairies, etc. . .
Foodshops and stalls
Bakehouses . .
Miscellaneous
Interviews granted (Housing)
,, ,, (Public Health)
Visits re housing applications
15
46
17
926
212
76
SANITARY WORK CARRIED 001 AS A RESULT OF
SERVICE OF NOTICES.
Dwelling houses
Walls waterproofed
Floors repaired or renewed
Plasterwork repaired
Ventilation improved . . . . . .
Windows repaired
Fire ranges repaired
New sinks fitted
Sink waste pipes renewed or repaired
Doors repaired
Wash boilers provided
Water supply installed
Gas pipes repaired
Roofs repaired
Chimneys repaired
Gutters and fallpipes repaired or renewed
External walls repaired
Yard paving repaired
Coal places provided or repaired
Drains cleansed
Drainage extended
Water closet fittings renewed or repaired
Water closet structures repaired
Additional water closets provided
Dust bins provided
SHOPS.
Number of inspections
Unsatisfactory conditions found
, , remedied
13
20
25
1
36
17
26
7
19
1
19
2
20
25
23
17
12
9
9
w
18
12
20
23
12
35
18
16
In addition to the contraventions of the Shops Acts referred to above
improvements to existing sanitary accommodation have been effected in
several instances.
MOVEABLE DWELLINGS.
At the end of 1951 there were 17 moveable dwellings in use in the City.
These are of varying types — large ungainly trailers, bus bodies and pleasing-
trailer caravans of modern design. In a few cases the sanitary airangements
are poor, principallv on account of the reluctance of occupiers to purchase
the aporopriate fluid to use with chemical closets.
It is the intention of the Corporation to provide a caravan site and
it may then be possible to deal with the present unsatisfactory positions
when an alternative site can be offered which provides adequate sanitary
arrangements and supervision.
Five licences or renewals were issued during the year 1951,
32
SMOKE ABATEMENT.
Half-hourly smoke observations taken . . . . . . 1 1
Contraventions of byelaws . . . . . . . . • • 10
Excessive emission of black smoke has been increasing during the year.
The attention of several factory owners has been drawn to the byelaw
standard and suggestions have been made with a view to reducing this waste
of fuel and pollution of the atmosphere.
It may be necessary to invoke legal powers if satisfactory results are not
obtained by ‘ peaceful persuasion.’
SWIMMING BATHS.
The Spa Baths have been equipped with new gas-fired boilers. The
process of continuous filtration, chlorination and heading has been main¬
tained satisfactorily. Samples of swimming bath water have conformed
to the standard of the Ministry of Health.
There is one privately owned swimming bath in the City — at the Grammar
School — which consists of a concreted tank. There is no treatment of the
water but the bath is emptied, cleansed and refilled with town’s supply of
water as often as necessary.
SCHOOLS.
The cleanliness of school premises and of the sanitary accommodation
has been well maintained during 1951.
The general state of structural repair appears to be deteriorating due
to a natural reluctance to spend money on buildings which are scheduled
for closing and rebuilding. It will be necessary to carry out repairs in
certain cases as the cuts in education expenditure will probably delay
rebuilding the obsolete primary schools.
COMMON LODGING HOUSE.
Number registered . . . . . . . . . . 1
Number of inspections . . . . . . . . 16
The lodging house has been well maintained during the year.
OFFENSIVE TRADES.
One offensive trade — -a tripe dresser — is registered in the City. Con¬
ditions have been reasonably good. The business is likely to be discontinued.
DESTRUCTION OF PESTS.
(a) Rats and Mies :
The following is a summary of action during the year in respect of rats
and mice. — :
Infestations in hand Jan. 1st, 1951
Infested premises, 1951— Local authority
—Houses
— Business, etc.
Total (24 Rat infestations)
(4 Mice infestations)
Infestations cleared by Health Dept.
17
6
28
25
In hand Dec. 31st, 1951
3
According to circumstances, baits used were arsenious oxide, zinc
phosphide, A^N.T.U., warfarin in bases of sausage rusk, soaked wheat and
sugar meal,
mgms per _ mgma per day 19*1)1 «
100 cu. per 100 Cm^ Pb
metres peroxide Monthly Readings of Smoke Pilte
and Sulphur Dioxide Apparatus .
Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec
34
As might be expected in a town where most of the pollution is a result
of the domestic grate, the amount of impurity in the atmosphere is highest
during the winter months and falls to a lower level from May to September.
It is a sobering thought that 120 tons of material were deposited
during the year over a square mile in this City. There can be little doubt
that most of this comes from the open coal fire so dear to the English heart.
With modern types of grates it should be possible to reduce this nuisance
enormously.
FACTORIES ACTS, 1937 AND 1948.
Prescribed particulars on the administration of the Factories Act, 1937.
PART S OF THE ACT.
1. — Inspections for the purposes of the provisions as to health.
Premises
Number
on
Register
Number of
Inspec¬
tions
Written
notices
Occupiers
Prosecuted
(1) Factories in which Sections
1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 are to be
enforced by Focal
Authorities
34
29
5
(2) Factories not included in
(1) in which Section 7 is
enforced by the Focal
Authorities
86
60
11
(3) Other Premises in which
Section 7 is enforced by
the Focal Authority
(excluding out-workers’
Premises)
2
2
Total
122
1 91
16
—
2. — Cases in which defects were found.
Particulars
Want of cleanliness (S.l)
Number
which d
fo
Found
3
of cases in
sfects were
und.
Remedied
3
Overcrowding (S.2)
—
—
Unreasonable temperature (S.3)
—
—
Inadequate ventilation (S.4)
—
—
Ineffective drainage of floors (S.6)
—
—
Sanitary Conveniences (S.7) —
(a) Insufficient
4
2
(b) Unsuitable or defective . .
8
4
(c) Not separate for sexes . .
1
1
Other offences against the Act (not including offences
relating to Outwork) . .
—
—
Totals . .
16
10
Two notifications of outworkers — dealing with wearing apparel — were
received during the year in accordance with Sec. 109 of the Factories Act.
The premises were satisfactory.
35
The numbers and types of factories in Ripon are summarised as
follows : —
Scrap Metal. Rag Sorting
joinery, etc.
Firewood
Cycle repairing
Monumental Mason . . . . • • • •
Beer brewing and bottling. Aerated water making, etc.
Paints and varnishes, etc.
Oxide of iron pigments
Motor vehicle repairs
Motor vehicle painting
Laundries
Corn grinding
Engineering, jobbing
Baking and Confectionery
Footwear repairs
Cabinet making and repairing
Concrete products
Sausages, etc. making
Wood turning
Printing
Tailoring and Underwear
Plumbing
Dressmaking, etc.
Malting
Bobbin making
Coal gas. Ammonium sulphate
Engineering, constructional
Wool grading, etc.
Cellulose solutions
Saddler
Sugar confectionery
x\musement machinery manufacture
Burling and mending
Hairdressing requisites
Furniture repairs
3
9
5
7
1
2
5
1
17
1
4
1
5
14
7
3
2
8
1
3
5
8
9
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
Total , . . . 134
STORAGE OF PETROLEUM SPIRIT.
Number of premises licenced to store petroleum
Quantity covered by licences (galls.)
Quantity of mixtures of petroleum (galls.)
Number of inspections
33
41,700
11,225
33
BYELAWS AMD REGULATIONS IN FORCE
(1) Cleansing of Footways and Pavements
(2) Prevention of Nuisances
(3) Good Rule and Government
(4) Common Lodging Houses
(5) Cemeteries
(6) Baths and Wash-houses
(7) Tents, Vans and Sheds
(8) Slaughterhouses
(9) Smoke Abatement
(10) Gypsy Encampments and Caravan Dwellers . .
(11) Fouling of Footways by Dogs
(12) Waterworks
(13) New Streets and buildings
(14) Handling, etc. of Food
(15) Refuse Removal
IN THE CITY.
1907
1907
1908
1909
1923
1923
1926
1931
1933
1933
1935
1939
1950
1951
36
SECTION D.
HOUSING.
New houses : —
Houses erected by the Corporation . . . . . . . . 47
Flats provided by Corporation . . . . . . . . . . 0
Houses erected by private enterprise . . . . . . . . 4
Flats provided by private enterprise . . . . . . . . 0
Total additional units during the year . . 51
(1). Inspection of dwelling houses : —
(a) Number inspected . . . . . . . . • • 97
(b) ,, needing repair . . . . . . . . 92
(cl ,, considered unsafe for further habitation 3
The majority of the houses referred to in (b) above are those which
would have been demolished before the war if slum clearance had been
allowed to continue. The ownership of some of this property has changed
but all owners have been aware for many years that such property has a
limited span of life. The result of this, together with the restriction of rent
increase of privately owned property and the greatly increased cost of main¬
tenance repairs, is that many of the houses are in much worse condition
that they were in 1938 yet the possibility of clearance schemes is unfortunat¬
ely much more remote.
Whilst one must have sympathy with owners of this poor type of
property in that the cost of necessary repairs and reasonable improvements
takes several years rent and thus renders the property a very doubtful asset,
the fact remains that a Health Department is the guardian of the health
and environmental welfare of the residents. The officers of a Health De¬
partment would be guilty of serious neglect if efforts were not made to
improve the conditions in which a considerable proportion of the citizens will
be compelled to reside for several more years.
The comparatively low rents — varying principally between 6/- and 8/-
per week — and the limited accommodation tend to cause elderly people
to occupy this old property and, surely, it is a bounden duty to see that
some comfort is assured these old citizens, most of whom can never have
the opportunity of residence in a modern type of house.
Their ’s is the heritage of progressively deteriorating and collapsing
roofs and ceilings with household utensils skillfully placed to catch rainwater
as it percolates through ; their’s is the heritage of bedstead feet falling
through the worm-eaten floor boards ; their’s is the heritage of doors that
only fit within 1” of the frames, of rotted window wood-work, of brick floors
with 2” deep holes. In most cases, too, the crowning indignity of having
to share a water closet situate 20 or 30 yards distant over rough cobbles
with one or more neighbours whose turn to cleanse the compartment is so
often in dispute.
The standards of housing are quickly growing further apart. At one
extreme we have very modern semi-detached houses with h. and c. water,
warm air conducted to various rooms, labour saving fire-ranges and appli¬
ances, built-in cupboards, two water closets, outside store place and a
garden. At the other extreme we have the old property that is “ dead but
won’t lie down ! ”.
It is obvious where our duty lies. Until such time as all the old houses
can be cleared away, those capable of reasonable repair and improvement
must be so dealt with. Those which are beyond economical repair must
be demolished.
37
In this latter case it is an obligation of the local authority to re-house
the tenants. Sec. 85 of the Housing Act, 1936, which is still operative,
states —
“ (2) The authority shall secure that in the selection
of their tenants a reasonable preference is
given to persons who are occupying insanitary
or overcrowded houses, have large families,
or are living under unsatisfactory housing
conditions.”
This principle was re-stated in the advice to local authorities on
“ Selection of Tenants ” issued in 1949.
Post-war, the City Council has provided over 200 dwellings. Since
1945, seven dwellings have been closed and the tenants re-housed by the
Corporation — less than 4% of the new accommodation.
Houses closed for habitation : —
The 3 houses considered unsafe, 13, 14 and 15, Bondgate, were dealt
with in accordance with Sec. 58 of the Public Health Act, 1936. iwo of the
tenants were re-housed by the Corporation, one tenant removed to relatives.
In a further case, the tenant of a very dilapidated house 5, Richardson’s
Court, died, and the owner gave an undertaking not to re-let the place for
human habitation. This was accepted.
Overcrowding : —
Number of houses known to be overcrowded Dec. 1950 . . 12
Number arising during 1951 . . . . • • • • 17
Number relieved during 1951 by re-housing, etc. . . 16
Overcrowded houses Dec. 1951 . . . . . . • • 13
MANAGEMENT OF CORPORATION ESTATES.
At the end of 1951, Corporation estates comprised the following : —
Size
l B.R.
2 B.R.
3 B.R.
4 B.R.
5 B.R.
Totals
(a)
Houses provided
prior to 1939
40
78
283
14
1
416
(b)
Flats provided
prior to 1939
—
24
—
—
—
24
(c)
Houses built
post war
4
170
7
—
181
(d)
Houses
purchased
—
7
—
1
—
8
(e)
Flats
(Holmefield)
3
3
2
—
—
8
(f)
Flats (Grove
House)
3
—
—
—
—
3
(g)
Flats (High
Skellgate)
2
—
—
—
2
(h)
Flats (Yoredale)
—
2
2
—
—
4
(i)
Flats (Park St.)
2
—
1
—
—
3
(j)
Other requisit¬
ioned properties
—
1
4
2
—
7
52
117
462
24
i
656
38
Applications for Houses :
Applications at 31st December, 1951, were as follows : —
Applicants short of bedroom accommodation . . 146
Applicants sharing living rooms . . . . . . 102
Applicants sharing or without sculleries . . 187
Number of applications for houses . . . . 435
Number of applications for bungalows . . . . 45
Total . . . . 480
Applications in abeyance pending further information 51
Lettings and Exchanges :
A summary of the work is as follows : —
Existing tenants transferred to other accommodation 39
Houses let to applicants according to points scheme 54
Flats let by invited application . . . . . . 5
Requisitioned Properties
At the 31st December, 1951, the Corporation held 9 properties under
requisitioning powers, as follows : —
Yoredale, North Road. (4 flats).
4 Park Street. (3 flats).
4, Allhallo wgate.
8, Blossomgate.
The Chalet, Whitcliffe Grove.
10, Kir legate.
11, Kir legate.
4, High Skellgate.
68, Bondgate.
These properties housed 14 families.
Housing Repairs: (April 1st, 1951 — March 31st, 1952).
The system of authorising repairs to Corporation property has continued
to work satisfactorily.
266 inspections in respect of repairs and other conditions were made
during the year.
Figures relating to repairs are as follows : —
Outstanding on March 31st, 1951 . . . . . . 134
Requisitions issued for work by direct labour . . 928
Orders issued for work by tradesmen . . . . 101
Total . . . . 1163
The following is a list of the works carried out : —
Work Authorised. Number
Burst water pipes repaired . . . . • . 37
Water tanks repaired . . . . . . • . 23
Back boilers repaired or renewed . . . . . . 14
Water taps washered or repaired (h. & c.) . . 96
Ball valves and taps adjusted, etc. .. .. Ill
W.C. cisterns adjusted or repaired . . . . . . 74
W.C. pedestals renewed . . . , . , . . 1
39
Number
W.C. joints re-made . . . . . . . . . . 9
Wash basins or sinks renewed . . . . . . 7
Wash basins refixed . . . . . . . . . . 4
Sink waste pipes repaired or renewed . . . . 29
Waste/fall pipes repaired . . . . . . . . 19
Bathroom conversions . . . . . . . . 8
Stop taps repaired . . . . . . . . . . 7
Hot water pipes repaired . . . . . . . . 27
Eaves gutters repaired . . . . . . . . 18
Radiator pipes removed . . . . . . . . 2
Sinks taken out . . . . . . . . . . 5
Door furniture repaired or renewed . . . . 46
Doors repaired or refixed . . . . . . . . 31
Threshwoods renewed . . . . . . . . 7
Windows — wooden sashes repaired . . . . 5
Windows — metal sashes repaired . . . . . . 35
Tool sheds repaired . . . . . . . . . . 11
Sink draining boards renewed . . . . . . 14
Clothes posts refixed or renewed . . . . . . 20
Cupboards, drawers, etc., repaired . . . . 10
W.C. seats repaired or renewed . . . . . . 8
Floor boards repaired . . . . . . . . 1
Fencing repaired . . . . . . . . . . 21
Fireplace parts renewed . . . . . . . . 64
Plasterwork repaired . . . . . . . . . . 52
Footpaths repaired . . . . . . . . . . 7
Roofs repaired . . . . . . . . . . 53
External walls pointed . . . . . . . . 1
Chimney stacks repaired . . . . . . . . 22
Boundary walls repaired . . . . . . . . 4
Concrete huts fixed . . . . . . . . . . 22
Tiles fixed round sinks . . . . . . . . 3
Houses painted . . . . . . . . . . 66
Internal re-decoration . . . . . . . . 1
Window glass renewed (panes) . . . . . . 145
Drainage gullies re-pointed . . . . . . . . 3
Drainage gullies cleansed . . . . . . . . 19
I.C. covers renewed . . . . . . . . . . 1
Air grates renewed . . . . . . . . . . 3
Electric switches, plugs, etc., renewed . . . . 67
Electric wiring repaired . . . . . . . . 21
Gas wash boilers renewed . . . . . . . . 22
Gas wash boilers repaired . . . . . . . . 1
Gas piping repaired . . . . . . . . . . 11
Gas lighting fittings, repaired or renewed . . 2
1,291
At the 31st March, 1952, 201 items of repair affecting 150 houses were
outstanding.
Change o? Administration.
From the 1st April, 1952, the Corporation set up a separate Housing
Department with an office at Grove House, Harrogate Road.
40
SECTION E.
INSPECTION AND SUPERVISION OF FOOD.
MILK.
15 samples of milk have been taken. The results were satisfactory.
The proportion of heat-treated milk has again increased and the supply
of loose milk is now a comparatively small quantity. For the first time
in many years, no complaints were received regarding unsatisfactory milk.
Dairies have been reasonably well-conducted.
ICE CREAM.
Number of producers in the City . . . . 2
Number of premises registered for sale . . 28
Samples of ice cream taken have been in accordance with statutory
requirements. The manufacture of ice cream has been conducted satis¬
factorily.
FOOD PREMISES.
Improvements have been effected at several premises where food is
prepared or sold. Some of the older premises do not conform to the present-
day standard and proposals will be made to the occupiers regarding im¬
provements.
Byelaws, Sec. 15 Food and Drugs Act, 1938.
Action is being pursued in respect of the requirements of these byelaws
which demand sanitary and cleanly conditions and practices in connection
with the handling, wrapping and delivery of food and sale of food in the
open air.
In particular, food stalls in the market, have in most cases, provided
glass frames to cover boxes of confectionary and boxes of biscuits have been
or are being provided with transparent lids. These have been difficult to
obtain in sufficient quantity.
CONTAMINATED FOODS.
During the year there were two reported cases of contaminated foods.
In the first case a ratepayer produced a rusty hairpin from a can of
kidney beans. The shop from which the can had been purchased could
not be definitely identified, therefore a warning letter was sent from the
Town Clerk to the manufacturers of the food.
In the second case, the Medical Officer of Health for Hull reported
the distribution of a quantity of imported pears containing 3.2 pts. per
million of arsenical salts. A quantity of these pears were received in Ripon,
distribution was stopped and the pears condemned.
41
MEAT AND OTHER FOODS.
Slaughterhouses.
Number of registered slaughterhouses . . . . 5
Number of licensed slaughterhouses . . . . 1
Slaughtermen s Licences.
Number issued or renewed . . . . . . . . 24
Slaughtering and Condemnations.
(The figures given in this table include condemnations of either whole
or part carcases, or any edible offals).
Cattle
Calves
Sheep
and
Lambs
Pigs
Total
Numbered of animals killed
and inspected
1364
870
3029
459
5722
All Diseases ex. T.B. :
Whole carcases condemned
48
31
80
28
187
Parts of ,, ,,
558
23
645
154
1380
Percentage affected
44.4
6.2
23.9
39.6
27.3
Tuberculosis only .
Whole carcases condemned
42
1
—
3
46
Parts of
222
—
—
18
240
Percentage affected
19.3
.11
4.5
4.9
Total weight of meat condemned . . 42 t. 3 c. 62 lbs.
The following figures show a comparison with previous years : —
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
Total No.
of animals
8001
6449
4476
4062
4926
5531
5722
slaughtered
Total weight
20^
17£
21
31£
36
42
condemned
tons
tons
tons
tons
tons
tons
tons
42
A detailed analysis of the causes of condemnation for the year 1951
is as follows : —
Tuberculosis (Generalised)
21.996 lbs. J
31.6%
Tuberculosis (Localised)
7,897 lbs. J 29,893
lbs.
Oedema
15,789
7 7
17.6%
Inflammation
5,400
t f
5.7%
Bruising
4,572
7 7
4.8%
Fever
4,423
7 7
4.6%
Abscesses
3,998
7 7
4.2%
Distomatosis
3,795
7 7
4.1%
Mastitis
3,446
7 7
3.6%
Moribund
3,329
7 7
3.5%
Septicaemia
2,988
7 7
3- 2%
Septic Pericarditis
2,834
7 7
2-9%
Johnes Disease
2,102
7 7
2.2%
Emaciation
1,348
7 7
1-4%
Pneumonia
1,443
7 7
1-1%
Pleurisy
1,106
7 7
1.1%
Joint Ill
1,088
7 7
1-0%
Malformation. .
912
• 7
•9%
Medicine Taint
868
7 7
no/
/o
Coenurus Cerebralis
835
7 i
go/
•° /o
Strongylosis
698
7 7
no/
• ' /o
Actinomycosis
673
7 7
no/
•Co
Putrefaction
628
7 7
no/
• ' /o
Anaemia
540
7 7
no/
/o
Bone Taint
374
7 7
QO/
/o
Hydro Nephritis
300
7 7
O 0/
/ 0
Immaturity
226
7 7
9 0/
•- 0
Angiomatosis
221
7 7
90/
/o
Peritonitis
184
7 7
•2%
Cysts
164
7 7
90/
•- 0
Pyaemia
132
7 7
90/
.w /0
Necrosis of Liver
73
7 7
9 0/
•" /o
Uraemia
58
7 7
•2%
Erysipelas
20
7 7
•1%
Emphysema . .
18
7 7
•1%
Ripon abattoir serves an agricultural area of some 300 square miles
and all food animals of sub-standard quality or needing emergency slaughter
are sent from the farms direct to the abattoir, and are in addition to those
dealt with from the collecting centre.
43
The separate figures for the year 1951 are as follows : —
Collecting
Centre
Casualties
etc.
Total
Percentage
Casualties, etc.
Cattle
953
411
1364
21.0%
Sheep
2319
710
3029
23.1%
Calves
743
127
870
14.4%
Pigs
145
314
459
68.0%
Totals
4160
1562
5722
27.0%
The 42 tons of meat and offals condemned is the highest figure recorded
at Ripon.
This is due to the large intake of casualty and sub-standard animals
which necessitates a higher degree of condemnation than for graded animals
from the collecting centre.
FOODSTUFFS (OTHER THAN FRESH MEAT) CONDEMNED.
Sugar
Jelly .
Flour
Cheese
Marmalade
Sweets
Dates
Butter
Slab Cake
Sauce
Pickles
Canned Corned Beef . .
Luncheon Meat
Cooked Ham
Tomatoes
Fish
Milk, Evaporated
Fruit
Vegetables
Scotch Broth
Soup . .
} y
y y
y y
y y
y y
y y
y y
y y
lbs.
145
1
1
1
2
36
5
3
5
1
1
84
45
74
25
33
65
40
1
2
Total weight . . 8 cwts. 102 lbs.
The quantity of canned cooked ham which had to be condemned will
be noted. The cans were mainly between 8 and 17 lbs. weight and were
imported from Belgium, Germany, France and Italy. The contents, in
most cases, were partly liquified and had an offensive odour. The canning
process was obviously faulty.
The quantity condemned in Ripon (428 lbs.) is indicative of the enormous
quantity which had to be condemned throughout the country.
The 145 lbs. of sugar had been contaminated by diesel oil during transit
rom Liverpool to Ripon.
44
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Prevalence and Control over Infectious and Other Diseases — continued.
45
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Total Non-Civilians
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46
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Total Non-Civilians
47
Diphtheria.
There were no notifications during 1951. This is the second year running
without a notification.
Scarlet Fever.
5 confirmed cases were notified during the year, compared with 12 in
1950. This gives a notification rate of 0.51 compared with 1.25 for the pre¬
vious year, and 1.11 for England and Wales.
Erysipelas.
One case was notified.
Pneumonia.
Two cases were notified.
Whooping Cough.
17 cases were notified, giving a notification rate of 1.75. This compares
with rates of 0.83 for 1950 and 3.87 for England and Wales.
The Ministry of Health have agreed to the introduction of vaccination
against this disease, and a scheme is shortly to be introduced.
Measles.
45 cases were notified. The notification rate of 4.65 per 1,000 population
compared with 14.07 for England and Wales, and 3.13 for last year.
Puerperal Pyrexia.
One case was notified. The definition of puerperal pyrexia was altered
by the Puerperal Pyrexia Regulations 1951 to any febrile condition occurring
in a woman in whom a temperature of 100.4* F or more has occurred within
14 days after childbirth or miscarriage.
Tuberculosis.
3 pulmonary cases were notified during 1951, giving an incidence of 0.31
per 1,000 population, compared with 0.62 the previous year.
One case of non-pulinonary disease was also notified. The infection in
these cases almost invariably comes from the cow via the milk supply. The
only satisfactory answer is pasteurisation of all milk, and we must hope that
the time is approaching when this will be obligatory.
The following table gives the details from the tuberculosis register : —
MAI
LES
FEMA
LES
Pul¬
monary
Non-
Pul-
monary
Pul¬
monary
Non-
Pul-
monarv
j
Total
Number on Register 1st January,
1951
16
9
9
10
44
New notification 1951 . .
1
1
2
—
4
Number restored to register
having been removed in
previous quarter
Cases brought to notice otherwise
than by formal notification
_
_
—
—
—
Number removed from register,
1951
1
2
1
4
Number on register 31st Dec.,
1951
16
10
9
9
44
48
AGE AND SEX OF NEW CASES AND DEATHS FROM TUBERCULOSIS— 1951 .
New Cas
es.
Cases removed from register due
to death.
Age
Male
;s
Fern
ales
Male
‘S.
Fem
ales
Non-
Non-
Non-
Non-
Pul-
Pul-
Pul-
Pul-
Pul-
Pul-
Pul-
Pul-
monary
monary
monary
monary
monary
monary
monary
monary
0— 1
— 5
—
1
—
—
—
—
—
—15
1
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—25
—
—
1
—
—
—
—
- —
—35
—
—
—
—
1
— -
—
—
—45
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—55
—
—
1
—
—
—
—
—
—65
65 and
* -
—
.
over
—
—
—
—
Total
1
1
| -
2
—
1
—
- -
- *
CANCER.
There were 21 deaths from all forms of cancer during the year, giving a death
rate of 2.17 per 1,000 population, compared with 1.98 for 1950.
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